Suchergebnisse

This report examines the ouster of Georgia's President Eduard Shevardnadze in the wake of a legislative election that may Georgians viewed as not free and fair.

This report examines the aspirations of Georgia to be invited at the upcoming April 2008 NATO Summit to participate in a Membership Action Plan, a key stage of cooperation preparatory to possible Alliance Membership.

KEY ISSUESContext. Georgia's previous Fund-supported program, which expired in April 2014, met most of its objectives, in particular by reducing Georgia's external and fiscal imbalances. The program also helped preserve the central bank's independence after the 2012–13 political transition and strengthened its inflation-targeting framework. However, over time it proved increasingly difficult to reconcile the program's fiscal objectives with the new government's policies of increasing social spending, especially after the economy slowed and revenues fell short in 2013. Also, despite the progres

Intro -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Georgia [Republic]: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests( -- Summary -- Political Background -- Georgia: Basic Facts -- Human Rights -- Economic Conditions -- Georgia and Russia's Accession to the WTO -- Foreign Policy and Defense -- The August 2008 Russia-Georgia Conflict -- U.S. Relations -- Contributions to Counter-Terrorism Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan -- End Notes -- Georgia Country Profile( -- People and History -- Government -- Principal Government Officials -- Political Conditions -- Economy -- Foreign Relations -- U.S.-Georgia Relations -- U.S. Assistance to Georgia -- 2011 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-Georgia( -- Introduction -- Executive Summary -- Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from -- a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life -- b. Disappearance -- c. Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment -- Prison and Detention Center Conditions -- d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention -- Role of the Police and Security Apparatus -- Arrest Procedures and Treatment While in Detention -- e. Denial of Fair Public Trial -- Trial Procedures -- Political Prisoners and Detainees -- Regional Human Rights Court Decisions -- Civil Judicial Procedures and Remedies -- Property Restitution -- f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence -- g. Use of Excessive Force and other Abuses in Internal Conflicts -- Killings -- Abductions -- Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including -- a. Freedom of Speech and Press -- Status of Freedom of Speech and Press -- Internet Freedom -- Academic Freedom and Cultural Events -- b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association -- Freedom of Assembly -- Freedom of Association -- c. Freedom of Religion

Real GDP growth for 2010 has been revised upward to 6.3 percent, and annual CPI inflation has increased to about 10 percent. End-December performance criteria (PC) are expected to be met, with the exception of the fiscal deficit and general government expenditure targets owing to the late disbursement of budget grants and disbursements under a project loan on-lent by the government, which came in earlier than the authorities anticipated. Policies are on track and have broadly delivered on program objectives

Job creation and productivity growth are at the forefront of the global development agenda. The central challenge today for the government of Georgia is to find sources of long-term economic growth, particularly through private sector development. This study seeks to identify determinants of high-growth entrepreneurial activity. The study uses data from the new 2012 World Bank Entrepreneurship Survey conducted to gauge new firm growth in the formal sector in Georgia and data from World Bank Enterprise Surveys to analyze innovative activity in existing firms. It includes detailed case study analyses to complement these findings. The study finds that while a number of reforms have been undertaken to alleviate the business environment, there remain a number of constraints that inhibit the growth of entrepreneurial and innovative activity. These constraints include a major skills mismatch, insufficient research and development and ineffective industry-research linkages. While outlining broad policy directions in areas namely improving business environment, access to finance, developing skills, increasing access to markets, incentivizing greater firm level research and development, and raising awareness it lays out some priority areas that the government could embark on. The government could remove bottlenecks that impede entrepreneurialism in the general business environment and design new financial policy instruments to foster entrepreneurship and innovation. We hope that the issues discussed and the dialogue initiated during the course of this study would lend itself to policy design to foster high-growth entrepreneurship with a view to higher growth and job creation in this highly globalized world

On 27 October 2013 Georgia's citizens elected their fourth president since the country became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite the fact that the presidential position is now largely ceremonial, the election held a special significance since it marked the coming into effects of the 2010 constitutional amendments which shifted institutional power from the presidency to the office of the prime minister. The new election, the sixth in the country's post-independence history, led also to the automatic resignation of Prime Minister Bidzina Ivanishvili, and the formation of a new government, led by Irakli Garibashvili. Although the electoral system allows for two rounds to ensure that the winner is elected by a majority of votes, only one was needed, as the Georgian Dream's (GD) presidential candidate Giorgi Margvelashvili secured a resounding victory in the first round with 62.1% of the votes, with the opposition United National Movement (UNM) candidate Davit Bakradze trailing some 40 points behind (21.7%). Margvelashvili was inaugurated on 17 November, following Mikheil Saakashvili (2004-2013), Eduard Shevardnadze (1995-2003), and Zviad Gamsakhurdia (1991-1992) as the president of the Republic of Georgia. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]

Intro -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- 1. HIV/AIDS Epidemic -- Country Brief -- HIV/AIDS Epidemic -- Risk Groups and Factors Affecting the Spread of HIV Infection -- 2. Analysis of the National Response -- Main Stakeholders -- Enabling Legal Environment and Shortcomings -- State HIV/AIDS Program -- Donor Assistance -- The Level of Civil Society Engagement -- Summary of National Response Analysis -- 3. HIV/AIDS Projections & Potential Implications -- Projection Methodology -- Projections -- Social Impact of the Epidemic -- Sectoral Impact -- 4. Policy Implications -- Lack of Leadership and Implementation Capacity -- Priority Setting and Resource Allocation -- Overcoming Social Barriers -- 5. Strategic Options for the World Bank Involvement -- Bibliography -- BOXES -- Box 1: Summary of Signs of HIV/AIDS Epidemic -- Box 2: IDUs: Summary of Risks and Contributing Factors -- Box 3: STDs: Summary of HIV/AIDS Risks and Contributing Factors -- Box 4: Poverty and Commercial Sex Work -- Box 5: MSM: Summary of Risks Affecting the Spread of HIV Infection -- Box 6: Youth: Summary of Risks Affecting the Spread of HIV Infection -- Box 7: TB in General Population: Summary of Risks Affecting the Spread of HIV Infection -- Box 8: TB in Prisons: Summary of Risks Affecting the Spread of HIV Infection -- Box 9: HIV/AIDS in Prisons: Summary of Risks Affecting the Spread of HIV Infection -- Box 10: Summary of National Response to HIV/AIDS -- Box 11: Priority Areas and Strategic Action for Strengthening National Response Capabilities -- Box 12: Integrating HIV/AIDS Program activities in Georgia's lending Portfolio -- FIGURES -- Figure 1: Registered HIV Cases in Georgia (1989-2001) -- Figure 2: Structure of HIV by Modes of T ransmission -- Figure 3: Distribution of HIV/AIDS by Regions, 2002.